Efektivitas Konseling Gizi Online (Tele-Nutrition) Terhadap Perubahan Kualitas Diet dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Payudara
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Abstract
Masalah gizi yang sering ditemukan pada pasien kanker payudara adalah perubahan diet dan kualitas hidup akibat terapi kanker yang dijalani. Konseling gizi menjadi salah satu intervensi yang dapat diberikan untuk membantu mengatasi masalah gizi pasien. Pengembangan konseling gizi secara daring (tele-nutrition) diperlukan untuk mengatasi berbagai keterbatasan yang muncul di masa kini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tele-nutrition terhadap kualitas diet dan kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker payudara di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan berupa quasi experimental dengan pendekatan one group pre and post intervention design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 27 responden yang mendapatkan intervensi berupa tele-nutrition oleh Registered Dietitian (RD). Data kualitas diet dinilai dengan Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) dan kualitas hidup dinilai dengan kuesioner EORTC QLQ-C30. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Paired Sample T-Test dan Uji Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor kualitas diet sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi (p<0,001, p<0,05), terutama pada komponen variasi, kecukupan, moderasi, dan keseimbangan keseluruhan. Tele-nutrition juga secara statistik terbukti signifikan dalam meningkatkan skor kualitas hidup dan skala fungsional masing-masing sebesar 14,82 dan 7,79 serta menurunkan skor skala gejala sebesar 7,2 pada pasien kanker payudara. Tele-nutrition terbukti efektif dalam memperbaiki kualitas diet dan kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara di Indonesia. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggali data suplementasi zat gizi mikro dalam pengisian formulir SQ-FFQ sehingga dapat memaksimalkan data asupan mikronutrien harian. Selain itu, analisis pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap kualitas diet dan kualitas hidup dengan durasi
penelitian yang lebih panjang juga diperlukan sehingga kepatuhan subjek terhadap preskripsi diet yang diberikan bisa lebih tergambarkan. Untuk mendukung kelancaran aplikasi konseling gizi online, perlu adanya pengenalan “Modul Konseling Gizi Daring (Tele-Nutrition)” kepada dietisien.
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